Keep carbon emission reduction effects of globalization, the globalization of trade

Developed countries will take countermeasures may be mainly has three aspects: first, through technical and financial assistance to improve the overall efficiency of the developing countries, reducing emissions. Second, through carbon trading, supporting developing countries in the emission reduction. Third, the carbon tax, forcing developing countries to reduce emissions. The first two practices favourable to developing countries basically. And the third on the economic growth of developing countries will have a negative impact.

Carbon tax is the one aspect of environmental taxes, environmental taxes is to the domestic tax form, generally take the principle of origin or the destination principle. When a State implementation of the principle of origin and destination to another State, the same principles as burden of goods of the exporting country of taxation of environmental taxes and the burden on the environment in importing countries, there is double taxation issues.

As export commodities to burden the environment tax of both countries, which in the importing country's domestic market would not be production with importing countries to compete for the same product, is not conducive to international trade fair competition principles. Of course, the need to avoid the other extreme, countries have their own tax sovereignty and give up on a commodity tax sovereignty, can also cause importing and exporting countries the two sides of the dual exemption, so that environmental taxes to lose their effectiveness, cannot achieve the internalization of environmental costs, so that the internationalization of the market failure. Therefore, the same externality double taxation should be avoided, in General, environmental damage should receive priority right to tax and tax on excessive given the refund. For example, if the environmental problems arising from consumption, should give priority to the taxation of the importing country.

For developing countries, the reduction of costs and opportunities coexist. In the international community should actively participate in international cooperation and emission reduction, is looking for a home game for the minimum cost reduction. Development of new energy sources is a must go, should the minimum cost. New energy industry chain is generally divided into three areas: research and development, equipment manufacturing and use. Currently, the so-called overcapacity is in fact a device manufacturing surplus is the surplus industrial chain node. Situation is that too many input device manufacturing, research and development and the use of less input. Minimum cost requirements under resources and markets on the basis of a reasonable layout, timely follow up on the appropriate ancillary and policies to promote healthy and rapid development of industry. Implementation of the development of the "orderly", in a balanced approach in the development of the industrial chain of nodes development, avoiding the waste of money and resources, such as wind power "idling state."

And for developing public speaking, you must be prepared to deal with the low-carbon and energy prices. Low-carbon transformation, such as clean energy development, in addition to its own generation cost is relatively high, for the corresponding accessory power and costs are high (such as a grid of wind and solar energy), large scale clean energy development will bring electricity to substantially increase their costs, current policies and subsidies are basically aimed at generating costs, the cost of power facilities are not involved. Therefore, the development of clean energy to address the cost issues is the key.